脚本写到手抽筋

发表于

为运行于虚拟机上的CentOS 6添加一块新硬件，提供两个主分区

(1) 为硬盘新建两个主分区；并为其安装grub；
(2) 为硬盘的第一个主分区提供内核和ramdisk文件； 为第二个分区提供rootfs；
(3) 为rootfs提供bash、ls、cat程序及所依赖的库文件；
(4) 为grub提供配置文件；
(5) 将新的硬盘设置为第一启动项并能够正常启动目标主机；

为硬盘新建两个主分区

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[root@centos ~]# fdisk -l  #先来看看磁盘情况啊，你不看，一上来直接搞，小心搞出事情！！

Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00098b32

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64       20887   167259136   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root: 170.2 GB, 170196467712 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20691 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

​

不错不错，看到sdb了， 分的40G

开始分区

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[root@centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x86662f67

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-5221, default 1): 
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-5221, default 5221): +20G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x86662f67

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        2612    20980858+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (2613-5221, default 2613): 
Using default value 2613
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2613-5221, default 5221): 
Using default value 5221

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x86662f67

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        2612    20980858+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2            2613        5221    20956792+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

分区完了就开始格式化了啊

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[root@centos ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1313760 inodes, 5245214 blocks
262260 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
161 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8160 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000

正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@centos ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5239198 blocks
261959 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000

正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

挂载分区sdb1到/mnt/boot下

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[root@centos mnt]#mkdir boot
[root@centos mnt]#mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot

安装grub

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[root@centos mnt]# grub-install --root-de
[root@centos mnt]# grub-install --root-directory=/mnt  /dev/sdb
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
/dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root does not have any corresponding BIOS drive.
[root@centos mnt]# ll
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2月  20 10:09 boot
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 10月 18 10:41 hgfs
[root@centos mnt]#

复制内核及ramdisk文件到sdb1上

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[root@centos mnt]# cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.13.1.el6.x86_64 /mnt/boot/vmlinuz
[root@centos mnt]# cp /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-642.13.1.el6.x86_64.img /mnt/boot/initramfs.img

在/mnt/boot/grub目录下编辑新建grub.conf文件

内容如下：

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default=0
timeout=5
title CentOS6(test)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz ro root=/dev/sda2 selinux=0 init=/bin/bash
initrd /initramfs.img

挂载分区/dev/sdb2到/mnt/sysroot下

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mkdir /mnt/sysroot
mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sysroot/

建立FHS

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[root@centos sysroot]#  mkdir -pv /mnt/sysroot/{bin,dev,etc/{rc.d/init.d,sysconfig/network-scripts},lib/modules,lib64,proc,sbin,sys,tmp,usr/local/{bin,sbin},var/{lock,log,run}}
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/bin"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/dev"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/etc"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/etc/rc.d"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/etc/rc.d/init.d"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/etc/sysconfig"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/lib"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/lib/modules"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/lib64"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/proc"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/sbin"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/sys"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/tmp"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/usr"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/usr/local"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/usr/local/bin"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/usr/local/sbin"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/var"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/var/lock"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/var/log"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/mnt/sysroot/var/run"
[root@centos sysroot]#

拷贝bash、ls、cat程序及其依赖库

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[root@centos sysroot]# cp /bin/{bash,ls,cat} /mnt/sysroot/bin

[root@centos bin]# cp `ldd /bin/{bash,ls,cat}  |grep -oe "/lib.*[[:space:]]"|sort -u` /mnt/sysroot/lib64/

[root@centos bin]# chroot /mnt/sysroot

chroot先测试一下

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[root@centos bin]# chroot /mnt/sysroot
bash-4.1# ls
bin  dev  etc  lib  lib64  proc  sbin  sys  tmp  usr  var
bash-4.1# exit
exit
[root@centos bin]#

OK，接下来挂载到另外一台虚拟机上测试一下，亲测成功。

制作一个kickstart文件以及一个引导镜像。

思路

  1. 找到一个已安装好的centos的ks文件，一般位于/root/anaconda-ks.cfg，修修改改，生成一个自定义的ks.cfg文件。
  2. 放到解压的原版IOS到某目录，添加ks文件。
  3. 修改光盘的isolinux.cfg文件，在 append 指令后附加 ks 设置。
  4. 再生成自定义的ISO文件。
  5. 最后用此ISO去安装启动一台裸虚拟机测试是否能自动安装。

找到一个已安装好的centos的ks文件，一般位于/root/anaconda-ks.cfg，修修改改，生成一个自定义的ks.cfg文件

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#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use CDROM installation media
cdrom
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$Qo3PJbQH$GyTUtGgr1U.th4KTIrvfT1
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang zh_CN
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info

# System timezone
timezone  Asia/Shanghai
# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth1 --onboot=on
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel 
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2000
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1

%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@graphical-admin-tools
@legacy-unix
@network-tools
@xfce-desktop
NetworkManager-openswan
arptables_jf
arpwatch
audit-viewer
authd
cups-lpd
dbench
dropwatch
dump
ebtables
ettercap
finger
finger-server
firstaidkit-gui
ipset
iptraf
iptstate
krb5-appl-servers
ksh
lksctp-tools
lshw-gui
mipv6-daemon
mksh
mrtg
ncompress
netlabel_tools
nmap
openvpn
policycoreutils-gui
qstat
rsh
rsh-server
rusers
rusers-server
rwho
sabayon
setroubleshoot
stunnel
system-config-kickstart
system-config-lvm
talk
talk-server
tcp_wrappers
telnet
telnet-server
tftp
vtun
wireshark
wireshark-gnome
yumex
-cpuspeed
-irqbalance
-mdadm

%end

放到解压的原版IOS到某目录，添加ks文件

我这里是用软碟通直接提取修改，所以就省略了

还有一个坑就是ks配置文件里面用cdrom参数制定本地光盘安装会报错，建议用url方式。这个坑踩得我受伤了，就不写了。

应用服务服务脚本

(1) 能接受四个参数：start, stop, restart, status
start: 输出“starting 脚本名 finished.”
…

(2) 其它任意参数，均报错退出；

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#!/bin/bash
#
case $1  in
    start)
        echo "starting $0 finished"
          ;;

    stop)
        echo "stopping $0 finished"
          ;;

    restart)
        echo "restarting $0 finished"
          ;;

    status)
        echo " $0 status"                               
          ;;

        *)
           echo "Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|status}"
           exit 1
          ;;
esac

​

判断给定的用户是否登录了当前系统

(1) 如果登录了，则显示用户登录，脚本终止；

(2) 每3秒钟，查看一次用户是否登录；

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#!/bin/bash
#
until who | grep "^logstash\>" &> /dev/null; do
    sleep 3
done

显示用户选定要查看的信息；

cpu) display cpu info

mem) display memory info

disk) display disk info

quit) quit

非此四项选择，则提示错误，并要求用户重新选择，只到其给出正确的选择为止；

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#!/bin/bash
#
cat << EOF
Display information as following shown selection
cpu) display cpu info
mem) display memory info
disk) display disk info
quit) quit
************************************************
EOF

while true; do
    read -p "Please input your selection: " selection

    case $selection in
    cpu) 
        lscpu
        ;;
    mem)
        free -m
        ;;
    disk) 
        fdisk -l /dev/vd[a-z]
        ;;
    quit)
        echo "Bye Bye"
        exit 0
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Please input valid selection"
        ;;
    esac
done

尝试用shell函数

(1) 用函数实现返回一个用户的UID和SHELL；用户名通过参数传递而来；

(2) 提示用户输入一个用户名或输入“quit”退出；

当输入的是用户名，则调用函数显示用户信息；

当用户输入quit，则退出脚本；进一步地：显示键入的用户相关信息后，再次提醒输出用户名或quit: 

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#!/bin/bash
#

userInfo() {
        local userLine=$(grep $1 /etc/passwd)
        local userSHELL=${userLine##*:}
        local userID=$(echo $userLine | cut -f3 -d:)
        echo "$userSHELL and $userID"
        
}

quit() {
    if [ "$1" == "quit" ]; then
        echo "Bye Bye"
        exit 2
    fi
}
 
while true; do
    read -p "Please input your username or input 'quit': " choice

    if [ "$choice" == "quit" ]; then
        quit $choice
        break
    fi

    if id $choice >& /dev/null; then
        userInfo $choice
    fi
done

​

完成如下功能（使用shell函数）

(1) 提示用户输入一个可执行命令的名字；获取此命令依赖的所有库文件；

(2) 复制命令文件至/mnt/sysroot目录下的对应的rootfs的路径上，例如，如果复制的文件原路径是/usr/bin/useradd，则复制到/mnt/sysroot/usr/bin/目录中；

(3) 复制此命令依赖的各库文件至/mnt/sysroot目录下的对应的rootfs的路径上；规则同上面命令相关的要求；

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#!/bin/bash
read -p "Please input a command: " cmd

cmdPath=$(which $cmd | grep bin)

cpCmd() {

cp $cmdPath /mnt/sysroot$cmdpath
echo "Copy $cmdPath to path /mnt/sysroot/"

}

cpFile() {

libFile=$(ldd $cmdPath | grep -o "/[^[:space:]]\{1,\}")
for i in $libFile; do

    cp $lib /mnt/sysroot$cmdPath
    echo "Copy $libFile to path/mnt/sysroot/$cmdPath"
done
}

cpCmd

cpFile
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